Numerous studies have consistently highlighted the memory challenges faced by individuals dealing with depression. Recalling specific memories becomes a daunting task for them, setting them apart from those without depressive symptoms. Kymberly Young, an associate professor of psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh, believes she might have stumbled upon a key to alleviate this difficulty. A recent study published in JAMA Network Open, led by Young and her team, suggests that familiar scents could play a pivotal role in unlocking memories for individuals with depression.
The study involved 32 adults diagnosed with clinical depression. Participants were exposed to 24 odor samples, ranging from pleasant (e.g., orange, lavender) to neutral and unpleasant scents (e.g., cumin, disinfectant). They were then prompted to recall specific memories associated with these smells. The same exercise was conducted using 24 words describing each scent. Surprisingly, the participants demonstrated a higher ability to recall specific memories when exposed to odors compared to hearing corresponding words.
Young emphasizes that the ability to recall specific memories is linked to improved problem-solving skills and emotional regulation. The findings propose that smell therapy could be a valuable tool in assisting individuals with depression to avoid excessive rumination.
During the study, familiar scents such as ground coffee or tobacco triggered more vivid and positive memories than their word counterparts. Although the positive impact of odors on memories didn't reach statistical significance, the research team is intrigued by the association between certain smells and positive memories for individuals with depression.
The link between smell and memory has long been recognized in the general population. However, Young's study extends this understanding to include individuals with depressive symptoms. Vidya Kamath, a neuropsychologist at Johns Hopkins Medicine, notes that while prior studies explored the connection between odor and memory in healthy individuals, this research delves into the impact of depressive symptoms on this relationship.
The study also aligns with existing knowledge about the connection between a diminished sense of smell and depression. Reduced olfactory abilities are associated with an increased risk of depression, particularly in late life. Individuals who reported a loss of smell due to COVID-19 experienced higher rates of depression, according to a survey.
Michael Leon, a professor emeritus of neurobiology and behavior at the University of California, Irvine, underscores the direct communication between the olfactory system and the limbic system, a brain region associated with mood and memory. This direct connection positions smell as a powerful trigger for emotional processing and memory recall.
Smell therapy is already under exploration as a potential depression treatment. Aromatherapy, involving exposure to fragrant essential oils, has shown promise in alleviating depression symptoms. Young's study, however, suggests a novel approach: using familiar scents as a training tool to enhance the recall of positive memories and tap into positive emotions for individuals with depression.
While the study offers a fresh perspective on the potential benefits of smell therapy, Leon questions whether this approach provides a substantial advantage over existing methods for improving depression. He remains skeptical about the necessity of incorporating odor recall into depression management strategies.